Transactions: Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026

Highlights from this issue include a review of the different non-medical help that occurs worldwide for snakebites and the dangers they pose, and an original article on the factors associated with the deaths of patients in Brazil with chikungunya from 2017 to 2023. In addition, there is a short communication on the symptoms of Kyasanur Forest Disease and a letter to the editor addressing the systemic barriers to early diagnosis of NTDs in rural Gabon.

Reviews

C-reactive protein as an effector molecule in dengue pathogenesis: a review
Adriana Pedreañez, Yenddy Carrero, Renata Vargas , Juan P Hernández-Fonseca, Jesús Mosquera
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 291–301, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf123 

World practices of non-medical help for snakebites: a scoping review
Alexei A Birkun, Adhish Gautam
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 302–312, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf131

Original Articles

Schistosoma japonicum infection: clinical significance of ultrasound findings
Joachim Richter, Hannah Wei Wu, An Ning, Mario A Jiz, Ralph Aniceto, Jennifer Friedman, Andreas Neumayr, Christoph Hatz
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 313–321, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf134

Serological screening for toxocariasis, strongyloidiasis and fascioliasis in individuals with eosinophilia in Khuzestan, Iran
Alireza Ashiri, Abdollah Rafiei, Bijan Ansari-Moghaddam, Simin Pourmoosavi, Molouk Beiromvand
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 322–328, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf132

Characterising secondary dengue infections in Saudi Arabia using combined IgG and PCR testing
Reem A Bin Suaydan, Waleed S Al Salem, Eitezaz A Zaki, Zenaida S Stead, Roua A Alsubki
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 329–337, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf137

Pre-implementation contexts for the integration of mental health screening and guided action into noma care: perceptions of service providers in Nigeria
Justus U Onu, Charles N Ononiwu, Temitope I Olatayo, Funmilola Adenaike, Obioma C Okoye, Uchenna Ononiwu, Nneoma C Akujobi, Richard Uwakwe
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 338–348, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf135

Temporal dynamics of tuberculosis incidence in Piauí, northeast Brazil, 2010–2024: a time-series and decomposition analysis
José Mário Nunes da Silva, Ivone Venâncio de Melo, Walter Massa Ramalho
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 349–358, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf136

Residual efficacy of standard and new-generation long-lasting insecticidal nets 3 years after mass distribution in Côte d’Ivoire
Lucien Y Konan, Ladji K Yao, Emmanuel Tia, Urbain G Silué, Serge B Assi, Antoine M Tanoh, Daniel K Ekra
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 359–367, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf138

The clinical significance of monocyte-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios in malaria infection and parasitaemia among pregnant women in Nanoro, Burkina Faso
Ousmane Traore, Biébo Bihoun, Fatoumata Toumani Koné, Abdoul Latif Lengane, Marc Christian Tahita, Abdou-Razac Kere, Massa Dit Achille Bonko, Zanma Michael John Compaore, Kouka Carine Sonia Dabone, Aimé Parfait Korou Yaro, Serge Henri Zango, Berenger Kaboré, François Kiemde, Ismaïla Bouda, Toussaint Rouamba, Hamidou Ilboudo, Hamtandi Magloire Natama, Hermann Sorgho, Innocent Valéa, Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Halidou Tinto
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 368–378, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf140

Topic: Xenomonitoring of Schistosoma intermediate hosts for evaluating community-wide mass drug administration in Ghana: preliminary findings and lessons
Yvonne Ashong, Enoch Mensah Boateng, Frank Twum Aboagye, Freda Kwarteng Boampong, Samuel Armoo, Linda Batsa Debrah, Alex Yaw Debrah, Irene Ayi , Marta Chanova, Bonnie Lee Webster, Mike Yaw Osei-Atweneboana
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 379–391, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf141

A multimodal neuroimaging approach evaluation of emotional response and anxiety symptoms in leprosy patients
Tamires Morett Gama, Lucas Rego Ramos, Orlando Fernandes Jr., Tiago Arruda Sanchez
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 392–399, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf139

Factors associated with hospitalization and deaths of chikungunya patients in Brazil from 2017 to 2023
Frederico Luís Braz Furtado, Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses, João Victor Monteiro Souza, João Nilo de Carvalho Sobreira, Júlia Lemos Lima Verde, Janaína de Almeida Mota Ramalho, Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti, Eanes Delgado Barros Pereira, Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Júnior, Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 400–407, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf144

Letter to the Editor

Systemic barriers to early diagnosis of neglected tropical diseases in rural Gabon: insights from a qualitative study in Makokou
Thiéry Ndong Mba, Arnaud Brice Pambo-Pambo, Hilaire Kenguele Moundounga, Assane Ndiaye
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages e3–e4, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf146

Short Communication

T-cell depletion and oral candidiasis in Kyasanur Forest disease: a case series
Nitin Gupta, Pothumarthy Venkata Swathi Kiran, Anjely Sebastian, Muralidhar Varma, Tirlangi Praveen Kumar
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 408–410, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf119

Case Report

Severe ARDS without exanthem: atypical measles in advanced HIV
Venkata Swathi Kiran Pothumarthy, Rathan Kamath, Nitin Gupta, P S Priya, Muralidhar Varma, Tirlangi Praveen Kumar
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 411–413, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trag003

Deep venous thrombosis due to Wuchereria bancrofti-induced reactive hypereosinophilia syndrome: a case report
Rohan Nitin Pai, Sandeep Rao Kordcal, Ashutosh Singh, Manish Soneja
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 414–416, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trag002

From the Archives

Diseases of ‘warm temperaments’: a modern perspective on Dr Hother McCormack Hanschell’s ‘On the influence of race in venereal disease’ and the legacies of colonialism and scientific racism in tropical medicine
Sol Richardson
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2026, Pages 417–421, https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traf151